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Wednesday, March 16, 2005

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  Drilling supporters argue that the refuge's oil will reduce U.S. reliance on imports. Opponents say it will hardly make a dent in the more than 120 million barrels of oil the country uses each day while posing a threat to what environmentalists regard as an ecological treasure.

Repeated attempts to open the refuge to drilling fell short as drilling proponents failed to muster the 60 votes needed to overcome a Senate filibuster by Democrats and a group of moderate Republicans.

But this time Republicans have put the ANWR provision in a budget document that is immune to filibuster. Opponents were hoping to garner the 51 votes needed to strip the provision from the budget.

The tactic of using the budget process to enact legislation brought sharp criticism from Democrats.

"They want to sneak this into the budget," said Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., arguing that an issue of such importance should be debated as part of broader energy legislation.

Last week, the House refused to include an ANWR provision in its budget document, although any differences between the Senate and House versions would likely be resolved in negotiations.

The House has repeatedly passed measures over the years to allow drilling in ANWR only to see the legislation stalled in the Senate.

During several hours of Senate debate Tuesday night, supporters of drilling the refuge in the northeastern corner of Alaska argued that access to the oil was a matter of national security and that modern drilling technology would protect the region's wildlife.

"We know we've got to do it right. ... It's a fragile environment," said Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, maintaining that oil companies that would drill in the refuge would be subject to the most stringent environmental requirements in the world.

Environmentalists contended that while new technologies have reduced the drilling footprint, ANWR's coastal plain still would contain a spider web of pipelines that would disrupt calving caribou and disturb polar bears, musk oxen and the annual influx of millions of migratory birds.

Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill., said even at peak production the refuge would account for less than 2.5 percent of U.S. oil needs.

"How in the world can this be the centerpiece of our energy policy?" asked Durbin, arguing that more conservation and more fuel efficient automobiles would save more oil than the Alaska refuge would produce.

The refuge's oil represents "the most significant onshore production capacity" in the country, said Sen. Pete Domenici, R-N.M. "We should do everything we can to produce as much as we can."

Drilling proponents acknowledged that even if Congress gives the go-ahead for tapping ANWR's oil, it would have no impact on soaring oil prices and tight supplies. The first lease sales would not be issued until 2007, followed by development seven to 10 years later, Interior Secretary Gale Norton said.

President Bush has made access to the refuge's oil a key part of his energy agenda. Last week, Bush declared that 10 billion barrels of oil are waiting to be pumped from the refuge and that it could be tapped "with almost no impact on land or wildlife."

However, how much oil will be found is in dispute. Only one exploratory well has been drilled within the refuge, and the results have been kept secret.

The U.S. Geological Survey, using seismic studies, estimated in 1998 that between 5.6 billion to 16 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil is likely to be found.

But how much of that oil would be attractive to oil companies would depend on the price of oil.

"Even at $40 per barrel ... the USGS estimates there would be only $6.7 billion barrels that could be profitably brought to market, still less than the 7.3 billion barrels we consume every year," according to a report by the Natural Resources Defense Council, an advocacy group opposed to refuge drilling.

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