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Friday, Oct. 11, 2002

The committee cited Carter "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."

The prize will be formally presented Dec. 10 - the anniversary of the death of Alfred Nobel who established the awards - in Oslo. It carries a cash award of about $1.1 million.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee praised his efforts in conflict resolution on several continents and the promotion of human rights since his presidency through his Carter Center, founded in 1982.

"He has served as an observer at countless elections all over the world. He has worked hard on many fronts to fight tropical diseases and to bring about growth and progress in developing countries."

Carter, the 39th president, brokered the Camp David peace agreement of 1978 between Egypt and Israel. He established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and completed negotiation of the SALT II nuclear limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. Carter was president from 1977 to 1981.

Last year, the Nobel Peace Prize was presented to U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the United Nations in general for their work toward "a better organized and more peaceful world," the Nobel Committee said.

After noting that Annan had devoted much of his life with work within the United Nations, the committee's release said: "The U.N. has in its history achieved many successes, and suffered many setbacks. Through this first Peace Prize to the U.N. as such, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wishes in its centenary year to proclaim that the only negotiable route to global peace and cooperation goes by way of the United Nations."

Other Prizes

While the Peace Prize is awarded in Norway, the rest of the annual prizes are determined by groups in Sweden. The Royals Swedish Academy announced Thursday that Hungarian writer and concentration camp survivor Imre Kertesz won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Kertesz, 72, is perhaps best known for his first work "Fateless," released in Hungarian in 1975 and in English in 1992, and the 1990 book "Kaddish for a Child Not Born," but of which were influenced by the time he spent in the Auschwitz concentration camp during the Nazi persecution of the Jews.

On Wednesday, Kurt Wuthrich, from Switzerland; John B. Fenn, from the United States; and Koichi Tanaka, from Japan, were announced as winners of the 2002 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. The scientists were cited for their work in the study of macromolecules, which can help in the development of pharmaceuticals and early diagnosis of some cancers.

Daniel Kahneman and Vernon Smith, both from the United States, will share this year's Nobel prize in economics, which was also announced Wednesday. Kahneman, with Princeton University, was cited for integrating psychology and economics in helping to explain human decision-making that may not agree with standard economic theory. Smith, with George Mason University, developed experimental methods that have been key to empirical economic analysis.

On Monday, it was announced that Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston, of the United Kingdom; and H. Robert Horvitz, of the United States; would be given the 2002 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their work on the life of a cell. This year's prize for physics, announced Tuesday, will be given to Riccardo Giacconi, an Italian-born American; Raymond Davis, Jr., of the United States; and Masatoshi Koshiba of Japan. Their work resulted in the development of two new fields of study in astronomy.

Copyright 2002 by United Press International.

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